“The paper had a double focus. It directed attention toward survival of orality in the modern world, and to a possible model for orality in its relationship to literacy in the experience of ancient Greece.” - (p. 28) Havelock, The Muse Learns to Write
I can see how he combines his analysis of orality and literary research.
I can understand as well. The paper, indeed, has a double focus. The paper, with words on it, is not just a stationary thing. It can serve in speech and in literature. The preference of the author is who it depends upon.
I think they were considered less intelligent because at the time, only the elite, the wealthy class, were educated. I feel that this is snobbery. Nobody gave the poor a chance to keep up with the growing times of education, the liberal arts.